WordPress站点怎么加速 Nginx缓存可以吗

博客开通以来，主要记录学习和使用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案。文章风格偏向自娱自乐，因此访问量较少，一台1核1g的vps足以支撑网站的正常运行。
后来本站引入三个页面，这三个页面应该对有上外网需求的网友很有帮助，也给本站带来了很大的流量。本站用的wordpress程序，尝试过安装各种缓存插件（super cache, w3 total cache等）加速运行，但是低配的vps依然难以支持这么大的访问量。通过日志可以看到随着访问量的增加，php-fpm进程增多，mysql的连接和线程增多，接着出现oom，然后系统kill掉占用内存最大的mysql进程，于是网站进入503宕机模式。
买更好的vps能解决访问量大的问题，但是要花更多的钱。做为一个技术宅，首先想到的当然是如何榨干现有机器来支撑大流量。做过的尝试包括切换到比wordpress性能更好的ghost，参考：尝试ghost 。但是相对于wordpress，ghost的生态远没有那么成熟，最终放弃了。
左思右想下，终极解决办法是用nginx缓存，最初的文章可参考：nginx配置fastcgi cache。fastcgi_cache的好处是大部分用户的请求不用后端php-fpm打交道，直接发送缓存的静态页面，速度上甩各种wordpress插件好几条街！相比之下wordpress的各种插件还要执行php，也避免不了访问数据库，弱爆了！
自从使用了nginx缓存，网站平稳运行，再也没有出现过宕机的现象。同时vps的cpu和内存占用率直线下降，再也无需担心vps的配置问题，感觉再来10倍流量博客也撑得住！
因为nginx稳如狗的体验，所以现在对于博客类读多写少的产品都是强推nginx缓存（fastcgi缓存或者proxy缓存）。鉴于可能帮到一些网友，现贴出 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置文件供网友参考（包含ssl设置和gzip部分）：
# 文件： /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# for more information on configuration, see:
# * official english documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * official russian documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# load dynamic modules. see /usr/share/nginx/readme.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main \’$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] \”$request\” \’
\’$status $body_bytes_sent \”$http_referer\” \’
\’\”$http_user_agent\” \”$http_x_forwarded_for\” \”$request_time\”\’;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k flush=30s;
server_tokens off;
client_max_body_size 100m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# ssl配置
ssl_protocols tlsv1.2 tlsv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ecdhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha512:dhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha512:ecdhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha384:dhe-rsa-aes256-gcm-sha384:ecdhe-rsa-aes256-sha384;
ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:ssl:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_stapling on; # requires nginx >= 1.3.7
ssl_stapling_verify on; # requires nginx => 1.3.7
add_header strict-transport-security \”max-age=63072000; preload\”;
#add_header x-frame-options deny;
add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
add_header x-xss-protection \”1; mode=block\”;
# 请按照自己的需求更改
fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/tlanyan levels=1:2 keys_zone=tlanyan:10m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off;
fastcgi_cache_key $request_method$scheme$host$request_uri;
# note: can also use http headers to form the cache key, e.g.
#fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_x_custom_header;
#fastcgi_cache_lock on;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;
fastcgi_ignore_headers expires set-cookie vary;
# gzip 配置
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 7;
gzip_types
text/css
text/plain
text/javascript
application/javascript
application/json
application/x-javascript
application/xml
application/xml rss
application/xhtml xml
application/x-font-ttf
application/x-font-opentype
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
image/svg xml
image/x-icon
application/rss xml
application/atom_xml
image/jpeg
image/gif
image/png
image/icon
image/bmp
image/jpg;
gzip_vary on;
# load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# see http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
以及用于wordpress站点的网站配置文件（/etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.conf）:
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名
rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名
charset utf-8;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.pem; # 请换成自己的证书和密钥
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.key;
set $host_path \”/var/www/tlanyan\”; # 请改成自己的路径
access_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.access.log main buffer=32k flush=30s;
error_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.error.log;
root $host_path;
# 缓存标记
set $skip_cache 0;
if ($query_string != \”\”) {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
if ($request_uri ~* \”/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|sitemap(_index)?.xml\”) {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# 登录用户或发表评论者
if ($http_cookie ~* \”comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9] |wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in\”) {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
location = / {
index index.php index.html;
try_files /index.php?$args /index.php?$args;
}
location / {
index index.php index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ ^/\\.user\\.ini {
deny all;
}
location ~ \\.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_cache tlanyan;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;
fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
fastcgi_cache_lock on;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param script_filename $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~ \\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif|swf|ico|pdf|mov|fla|zip|rar|jpeg)$ {
expires max;
access_log off;
try_files $uri =404;
}
}
上述配置对最新版的nginx测试有效，详细配置指令请参考nginx官方文档。
转载：非常欢迎各位朋友分享到个人站长或者朋友圈，但转载请说明文章出处“黎青松seo博客”。
原文地址：http://www.alitaohuo.com/cmsjiaocheng/wordpressjiaocheng/2018.html


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